Liver Function Tests

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Dr Thng Yongxian

MBBS

MMed

MRCS (IRE)

FRCSED

FAMS

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Liver function tests (LFTs) are blood tests used to assess the health of the liver by measuring levels of liver enzymes, proteins, and bilirubin in the blood. These tests help in detecting liver damage or disease, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, and fatty liver disease. LFTs are important for diagnosing liver conditions, monitoring the progression of diseases, and evaluating the effectiveness of treatments.

Types of Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests encompass a variety of blood tests used to diagnose and monitor liver health. Here are some of the most commonly used tests:

  • Alanine Transaminase (ALT) Test
    Measures the level of ALT in the blood, an enzyme that plays a role in converting proteins into energy within liver cells. High levels may indicate liver damage.
  • Aspartate Transaminase (AST) Test
    Measures the level of AST in the blood, an enzyme involved in amino acid metabolism and is found in various tissues, predominantly in the liver. Elevated AST levels can signal damage to liver or muscle tissue.
  • Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Test
    Determines the level of ALP in the blood, an enzyme linked to the bile ducts; high levels can indicate bile duct obstruction or liver damage.
  • Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT) Test
    Measures the level of GGT in the blood. Elevated GGT can indicate diseases of the liver and bile ducts, and may also be raised in other conditions, such as pancreatic disease and excessive alcohol consumption.
  • Bilirubin Test
    Measures the amount of bilirubin in the blood, a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. High levels can lead to jaundice and are indicative of liver dysfunction or bile duct problems.
  • Albumin Test
    Measures the level of albumin, the main protein made by the liver, which can indicate the liver’s ability to produce proteins.

Preparing for a Liver Function Test

Preparing adequately for liver function tests is important to ensure accurate results. Here are the steps generally recommended:

Fasting

Most liver function tests require fasting for 8-12 hours before the test. This means no food or drink, except water, should be consumed during this fasting period.

Medication and Supplements

Inform your doctor about any medications, supplements, or herbal treatments you are taking. Some substances can affect liver enzyme levels and may need to be paused or adjusted before the test.

Avoid Alcohol and Smoking

Avoid alcohol consumption and smoking for at least 24 hours before the test, as these can significantly influence liver function results.

Refrain Physical Activities

Avoid heavy physical activities the day before the test, as vigorous exercises can also affect test outcomes.

Liver Function Test Procedure

The procedure for conducting liver function tests is straightforward and typically involves the following steps:

  • Appointment Setup

    Liver function tests are usually scheduled in advance, and you will likely be advised to arrive in a fasted state.

  • Blood Sample Collection

    During the visit, the doctor will draw a blood sample from a vein in your arm. This process is quick, usually taking only a few minutes.

  • Handling and Processing

    The collected blood sample is then properly labelled and sent to a laboratory for analysis.

  • Waiting for Results

    The time to receive results can vary but generally takes a few days. Some clinics may offer same-day results for certain tests.

  • Review and Follow-Up

    Once the results are available, the doctor will review them with you. Depending on the outcomes, further testing or treatment may be recommended.

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Common Conditions Identified Through Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests can help identify a range of liver conditions. Some of the most commonly detected issues include:

Hepatitis

Viral infections that cause inflammation of the liver, affecting its function.

Cirrhosis

Long-term damage to the liver that results in scarring and impaired liver function.

Fatty Liver Disease

Accumulation of fat in liver cells, which can be alcoholic or non-alcoholic in origin.

Bile Duct Obstructions

Blockages in the tubes that carry bile from the liver, which can cause elevated enzyme levels.

Liver Cancer

Malignant tumours in the liver can be identified by abnormal liver enzyme levels in some cases.

Autoimmune Liver Diseases

Conditions where the immune system attacks liver cells, such as autoimmune hepatitis.

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Dr Thng Yongxian

MBBS (SG)

MMed (Surg)

MRCS (Ire)

FRCSEd (Gen)

FAMS (Surg)

Dr Thng Yongxian is a dual fellowship-trained Hepatopancreatobiliary & General Surgeon who has performed over 6000 surgical procedures.

  • Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery,
    National University of Singapore
  • Membership of the Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland
  • Master of Medicine, General Surgery, Singapore
  • Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh
  • Fellow of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore

He pursued his subspecialty training in Hepatopancreatobiliary surgery first in the Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Singapore General Hospital. Following this, he completed a clinical fellowship in Minimally Invasive Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery at Seoul National University Hospital in Bundang, South Korea.

Dr Thng set up and pioneered the Minimally invasive surgery program for his hospital in complex liver and pancreas cases. His surgeries were featured on live national television. His surgical videos have also been presented at international surgical conferences. He also pioneered the use of capsule colonoscopy for colorectal screening.

Dr Thng has served on various committees at hospital, cluster and ministry level. Dr Thng served as a member of the Ministry of Health (MOH) Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Clinician workgroup for value-driven care (VDC).

Patient Reviews

I cannot possibly express how grateful I am for the compassionate care received by Dr Thng during my hospitalization. I was 20 hours away from flying back to the USA after a long work trip, and homesick already when diagnosed with acute appendicitis and a UTI. To say that I was nervous to undergo surgery so far away from home, friends and family is an understatement. He was expedient, attentive and thorough. He even took the time to text and call my husband back home multiple times to update him on my status. His infectious laugh, sense of humor and kindness helped to sooth my own frazzled nerves. I am so appreciative to have had Dr Thng as my surgeon.

Ms Tina Hunter

I was diagnosed for ampullory cancer in 2021. I am very thankful to Dr. Thng Yongxian who kept me calm when revealing the report to me. I really felt like God sent his angel to speak to me.He helped me overcome the operation. Dr. Thng said 3 things that I needed to do before the operation....Stay positive, exercise n eat well, have faith in God. He even gave me his handphone number incase I need to consult him when home. Indeed the 8 hrs operation was a success n I am able to write this testimonial, living a normal life. Finally, its still God who works all things good for those who love Him... Romans 8:28.

Mdm Tang K H

I recently underwent gallbladder stone removal surgery performed by Dr. Thng, and I am impressed with the quality of care I received during this process. Dr. Thng demonstrated exceptional professionalism and expertise throughout my entire experience. From the initial consultation to the post-operative care, Dr. Thng explained the procedure in great details, answered all my questions, and alleviated my concerns and ensuring that I fully understood each step of the process. His compassionate and caring demeanor put me at ease, making me feel confident in his abilities. The outcome of the procedure was beyond my expectations. Dr. Thng successfully removed all my 3 gallstones, and I experienced a smooth recovery process. I am grateful for his expertise and the care I received under his supervision. Overall, my experience with Dr. Thng was exceptional. I highly recommend him for his professionalism, compassion, and outstanding surgical skills. Thank you, Dr. Thng for your excellent care.

Mr Low LT

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    Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

    What Do Abnormal Liver Function Test Results Mean?

    Abnormal results may indicate liver damage or disease, but they do not pinpoint the specific cause. Further diagnostic testing is often necessary to determine the underlying issue.

    Are Liver Function Tests Painful?

    The tests involve drawing blood, which can cause brief discomfort similar to any blood test. However, there are no prolonged painful sensations associated with liver function tests.

    How Often Should Liver Function Tests Be Performed?

    The frequency depends on individual health conditions and risk factors. Your doctor will recommend testing based on your specific circumstances.

    Can I Take My Regular Medications Before a Liver Function Test?

    You should inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, as some may need to be temporarily discontinued before the test to avoid affecting the results.

    What Can I Do to Improve My Liver Health?

    Maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, avoiding excessive alcohol consumption, and following medical advice for managing health conditions can all contribute to better liver health.

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