Detecting Jaundice: Common Signs and Symptoms

Jaundice is a medical condition characterised by the yellowing of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes. The yellow colouration results from elevated bilirubin levels in the blood, a byproduct normally managed by the liver.

Although jaundice is not a disease itself, it serves as an important signal of possible underlying health issues, such as problems with liver function, the breakdown of red blood cells, or blockages in the bile ducts. Understanding the signs of jaundice can help in early detection of these conditions, leading to quicker and more effective treatment. In this blog, you’ll learn more about this condition—what to watch out for and why it matters.

Common Signs of Jaundice

Jaundice is primarily noticeable through its most common sign: a yellowish pigmentation of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The extent of yellowing can vary from mild to intense and is more easily observed in natural daylight.

  • Skin Discolouration: The yellowing begins subtly and may first be noticed in areas with less pigmentation, such as the palms of the hands or soles of the feet.
  • Scleral Icterus: This term refers to the yellowing of the whites of the eyes, which is often one of the first noticeable signs of jaundice and often suggests elevated bilirubin levels commonly associated with jaundice.
  • Mucous Membranes: The gums and inner cheeks may also turn yellow, which is noticeable under good lighting.

These visual signs are critical in the early detection of jaundice and prompt people to seek further medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause.

Common Symptoms of Jaundice

In addition to the visible signs, jaundice can be accompanied by several symptoms that may indicate more about the underlying condition causing the bilirubin build-up. These symptoms vary depending on the specific cause but generally include:

  • Fatigue: A common symptom associated with many liver-related conditions, fatigue can be severe and persistent.
  • Pale Stools: Since bilirubin contributes to the colour of stool, a reduction in its flow to the intestines can result in pale or clay-coloured stools.
  • Dark Urine: High levels of bilirubin excreted through the kidneys may darken the urine, appearing brownish in colour.
  • Itching: Excess bilirubin in the skin can cause itching, which may be severe.
  • Abdominal Pain: Depending on the cause, pain typically in the upper right part of the abdomen may be present.
  • Weight Loss: Unintended weight loss can occur, particularly in malignancy or chronic liver conditions.

Early identification and treatment of these symptoms can significantly improve the management of the underlying liver condition.

When to Seek Medical Advice

Seeking medical advice early when signs or symptoms of jaundice appear is critical for addressing potential underlying health issues effectively. Thus, it is important to consider the severity and combination of symptoms. Mild yellowing of the skin or slight fatigue, sometimes influenced by dietary factors, should still be discussed with a medical specialist to rule out serious conditions. Here are tips on when to consult a hepatopancreatobiliary specialist:

  • Appearance of Yellow Skin or Eyes: Persistent or intensifying yellowing of the skin or eyes, especially when accompanied by other symptoms, should prompt an immediate consultation.
  • Persistent Fatigue or Malaise: Severe or unrelenting fatigue, especially if accompanied by other symptoms such as yellowing of the skin or eyes, warrants medical evaluation.
  • Change in Stool or Urine Colour: Significant or sudden changes, such as pale stools or very dark urine, require medical attention.
  • Physical Discomfort: Symptoms such as abdominal pain, particularly in the upper right quadrant, or unexplained weight loss, should prompt a consultation.
  • Other Symptoms: Persistent itching, fever, or swelling of the legs also necessitate a visit to a hepatopancreatobiliary surgeon.

Assessing the combination and severity of symptoms helps determine the appropriate time for medical consultation. Early medical intervention can often prevent complications by diagnosing and treating the root cause of jaundice effectively.

Conclusion

Jaundice is a visible sign of an underlying health condition rather than a disease itself. It signals that something is affecting the normal process of bilirubin metabolism or excretion. Recognising the signs and symptoms of jaundice is important for timely diagnosis and treatment.

If you’re experiencing signs or symptoms of jaundice, our team is here to help. Contact us today to schedule an appointment with our team, who can ensure you receive the proper diagnosis and treatment.